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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Noticiero PAPA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Political Asylum Project of Austin&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;No. 15&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; Oct. 1998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;ASYLUM SEEKERS FIND SAFE HAVEN THANKS TO PAPA TEAMWORK&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;by a PAPA client&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;I am from Sri Lanka, a small island off the southern coast of India. Violence there between the Tamils and the Singhalese has been ongoing for many years. My belief in the equality of all human beings left me in the middle of the two conflicting sides. This affected me emotionally and was a threat to my life because, [sic] to openly remain neutral in a time of conflict is considered disloyal and usually results in death.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;I was able to escape to the United States in order to concentrate on my studies. However, my illegal status kept me from being able to attend the university. For nine years I worked toward becoming a legal resident and spent a lot of money on lawyer’s fees in my attempt. During the process, I worked various odd jobs in order to secure an income for necessities. I consulted many attorneys both in and out of Austin. However, due to the natur of my case, none of them were able to help. They lacked supporting materials and evidence from past cases and did not recognize that deportation would result in torture and likely death. After much time, effort and money [sic] I was referred to PAPA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;PAPA staff members and volunteers have handled this type of situation many times before. And, with the aid of information and articles obtained from the Human&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;WELCOME TO PAPA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;By Nidia Salamanca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Today, PAPA is a growing organization and with a new team of people working at the office. PAPA new staff is: legal director, Karen Crawford; paralegal, Karen Lalley; VAWA coordinator, Vanessa Bergman; paralegal, Aubra Fletcher; VISTA volunteer coordinators and grant writers, Natasha Jacobson and Lori Ann Lima; law clerk, Brad young, and U.T. work study, Gina Victoria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Everyone is doing an incredible job on behalf of asylum seekers and vulnerable immigrants in Central Texas. They are committed to the mission of PAPA, to guarantee that immigrants in the USA have access to legal counsel and educate our clients about their legal rights under US law.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Welcome aboard, and keep up with the good work!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FIVE RECOMMENDED FOR ASYLUM: IOLTA Funds Make it Possible for Refugees In Central Texas to Find Protection&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;by Elissa Staglich&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Beating the odds of winning asylum in the Unites [sic] States, five asylum seekers represented by the Political Asylum Project of Austin (PAPA) received recommendations of approval for their petitions from the Houston District Office of the Immigration and Naturalization Service this summer. For all five refugees, the asylum grant menas a new life of safety and freedom in the United States. For others seeking asylum, these cases are signals of hope.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The joint effort of client, attorney and volunteers, refugee protection measures in U.S. law, and Texas Interest on Lawyer’s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Continued on page 10&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTICIERO PAPA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Number 22 &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;June 2001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A Warm Welcome to 3 Brothers from Haiti&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;By Gustavo Arango, FBIACP Paralegal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The Executive Director and staff of PAPA share with the Austin community their deep joy at the arrival of the Pierre Paul brothers to the United States from haiti. We welcome Dordi, Ives Mackentosh, and Jordany with open arms and wish them well in their new lives in the US.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In 1998 a Refugee Relative Petition was approved for the sons of Mrs. Noremise Larosier. Her three sons still in Haiti, Noremise was overjoyed at the prospect of being reunited with her family. Although the hpetition was approved by INS, it was not until April 2001 that the extensive paperwork was over for Noremise’s family.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Noremise contacted PAPA in February 2000 and I took on her case for the Family Based Immigration, Adjustment and Citizenship program (FBIACP). It was evident from her words that she was strongly attached to her children and that she had pinned her hopes on PAPA. This was going to be quite a challenge!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;After sending letters and faxes to various INS and US Embassy offices and calling these offices to find Noremise’s file, I discovered that nobody seemed to know where Noremise’s file was and why it was taking so long for the application to be processed. Little by little, however, and after much frustration, I was able to track down information about her case. It was Noremise’s unfailing dedicaitong and love for her children which helped keep me going.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Today I told Noremise: Celebrate! The hardes part is over; keep praying, as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(Continued on page 6)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;PAPA Registers Nearly 400 Salvadorans for Temporary Protected Status&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;By Julien Ross, PAPA Volunteer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;El Salvador was struck with a series of devastating earthquakes in January 2001. An estimated 1,100 people lost their lives, 2,000 remain missing, and over 1.3 million persons were displaced by the earthquakes. A thorough review by the U.S. Department of State and Justice determined that due to the environmental disaster and substantial disruption of living conditions caused by the earthquakes, El Salvador was “unable, temporarily, to handle adequately the return” of its nationals. The Attorney General granted El Salvador with formal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Temporary Protected Status (TPS)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; designation. TPS is a temporary immigration status that will allow eligible nationals of El Salvador to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;live and work legally in the United States until September 9, 2002&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;or later, if the designation is extended.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(Continued on page 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New Leadership Inspires the PAPA Board&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;By Nidia Salamanca, Executive Director&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In order to respond to our recent and rapid growth, PAPA has enlisted new Board members to serve for two years. Four new Board members — &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Iliana Muñoz, Christina Neville, Father Larry Mattingly, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt; David Todd &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;have been invited to help us shape the new PAPA. Collectively, these new members bring expertise in law, interest in human rights, and experience working with immigrants in our community. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Welcome!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;This year the Board has been involved in developing new policies and procedures in order to better structure our organization and thus to continue to provide high quality immigration legal services. The Board has also been actively involved in fundraising and grant writing so we can meet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;this year’s annual budget — estimated to be $804, 069&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. The early efforts of the Board have paid off and a new foundation has already awarded funds to us in the form of a technology grant. $8,000 from the Lola Wright Foundation will go toward&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;(Continued on page 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The first article details the case of Noremise Larosier and how PAPA helped with a picture of Mrs. Larosier and the writer of the article, Gustavo Arango. The second article discusses Temporary Protected Status cases for Salvadorans that PAPA took on, written by Julian Ross. The third article contains information about new employees in the Board of Directors written by Nidia Salamanca. [Image Description: The front page of Noticiero PAPA newsletter has the words “Noticiero PAPA” in large letters to the top right of the page. Underneath in smaller letters are “Number 22” and “June 2001.” To the left of the header is a small logo; it depicts a bird flying downwards with it’s wings outstretched. It’s head is tiled up and in it’s beak there is a small flower. The wings, tail, and flower are colored in with black ink, but the body is white. Printed around the logo encircling the bird are the words, “News from the Political Asylum Project of Austin.” The front page has three columns of text; the first article “A Warm Welcome to 3 Brothers from Haiti,” begins at the top of the first column on the left and continues in the second column. The next article, “PAPA Registers Nearly 400 Salvadorans for Temporary Protected Status,” begins a third of the way down the first column. The third article, “New Leadership Inspires the PAPA Board,” takes the top half of the third column. In the top half of the second column there is a photograph showing a group of six individuals gathered facing the camera. Five of the individuals seem to be male and one of the individuals seem to be female. The caption of the photograph reads, “Gustavo (far right) poses with Noremise and her family.” In the bottom half of the second column there is a box with a quote. It states: “...It was Noremise’s unfailing dedication and love for her children which helped keep me going…” The third column of text has a Section labeled “Table of Contents” at the very bottom right of the page. It contains the following text: “Salvadoran TPS 1. Newcomers from Haiti 1. New Board of Directors 1. PRISA Update 2. PAPA Responds to 245(i) 3. ISSP Update 4. Sunrise Center Update 6. Goodbye Laura Bachman 6. Goodbye VISTA Program 6. Mil Gracias 7. Calender of Events 8.”]</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;NOTICIERO P.A.P.A.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Newsletter of the Political Asylum Project of Austin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;SEPTEMBER 1989&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Welcome&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;¡Hola amigos! I am Nidia, the new coordinator for the proyect [sic] I look forward to meeting and working with you throughout the next year. During the past month I’ve been learning about PAPA and everyone involved. I’ve received great responses from attorneys, interviewers, documenters, and clients. Thanks a lot! We invite you to come by the office during regular hours and to attend our events. Attorneys’ office hours will be from 5:30 - 7:30 on Mondays. Bring your questions; Virginia Raymond and Jeff Larsen will be glad to help.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;I’ll be available during the attorneys’ office hours to assist with any concerns. I’ll also be available on Wednesdays and Fridays from 8:30 am to noon and on Saturdays from 1 - 4 pm. I’d be happy to answer questions about our projects. Bring your ideas; they’re very welcome. Call if you’re interested in volunteering at 478-0546.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Volunteer Update&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;We’d like to welcome María Limón and Rubén Gonzales. They will be working on the newsletter and database upkeep. María works for Informe-SIDA, a bilingual AIDS education project, and Rubén works for the Pharmacology Department at UT. We’re glad to have them on board.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Kim Bachelor, a long-time volunteer, is taking a more active role. She’ll be staffing the office on Mondays from 9-12. Thanks also goes to María Zalduano for her help in staffing the office and in writing letters for our clients. A final note of thanks goes to Millie who has been working on updating a library card system. This makes all of PAPA’s research materials available to volunteers. Come by and check it out. The material may be helpful for your cases. We thank them all for their sincere interest in PAPA’s success.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Looking for Something to do?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Many of our needs have been met, but we’ve run into more along the way. We’d like for someone to serve as a Work Authorization Coordinator. This person would be responsible for making sure that work authorization applications are submitted; for communicating with INS on all applications submitted; for keeping track of applications that have been denied and granted; and most importantly, for keeping abreast of changes in INS work authorization policies. Give Nidia a call at 478-0546.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The office needs volunteers to cover 2-4 hour blocks of time on Tuesdays and Thursdays. We’ve got an IBM selectric that’s just dying to be fixed, and artists interested in developing a logo for PAPA should contact Nidia at 478-0546.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Volunteer Training&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;PAPA’s monthly volunteer training session has been scheduled for Saturday, September 16th from 1-4 pm. The agenda provides an overview of US asylum law, information on PAPA, and an update on INS procedures. This is also a good time to interact with other volunteers who can share their personal experiences and provide a broader picture of the political asylum process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Other training sessions have been scheduled for Saturday October 21st and November 19th from 1-4 pm at the PAPA office. Come by and learn about our project.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;JOIN US FOR THE PAPA OPEN HOUSE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;5-8 PM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;1707 E. 6TH -- Next to Mexico Tipico Restaurant&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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Asylum Seekers&#13;
Immigrants&#13;
Texas</text>
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                <text>The text of the newsletter is divided into four sections. The first introduces Nidia as the point contact for PAPA projects. The second introduces new volunteers and their roles in PAPA. The third outlines possible actions members of the public could do if they wanted to get involved. The fourth section details a future event for volunteer training. At the very bottom of the page is a message inviting individuals to come to PAPA's open house. [Image Description: The newsletter is one page printed on a pale green, almost teal paper. The top of the newsletter has a long rectangle that contains the title. It reads, “NOTICIERO P.A.P.A.. NEWSLETTER OF THE POLITICAL ASYLUM PROJECT OF AUSTIN. SEPTEMBER 1989.” The text is aligned in the center and spaced throughout the page. At the very bottom, there is a rounded rectangle box with three small palm trees printed on the inside left and right side of the box. Between the palm trees, the following text is displayed: “JOIN US FOR THE PAPA OPEN HOUSE. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15. 5-8 PM. 1707 E. 6TH -- Next to Mexico Tipico Restaurant.”]</text>
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                    <text>Two articles within PAPA's No. 15 newsletter; one relates the Irish struggle within America to Hispanics and another describes a case PAPA contributed in.</text>
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                    <text>The first page contains an article within an issue of PAPA's newsletters calling for the organization of the Hispanic community in Austin in order to gain political power and rights to protect their members. The second page contains the end of an article detailing the personal account of Jamir, a refugee who fled to the United States because of the persecution he faced for his sexual orientation. The last section explains how PAPA helped Jamir's case. The second page also contains two images; one listing the 1998 PAPA Board of Directors and then another which is advertising a fundraising event. </text>
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Chinwe Obianwu</text>
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Hamza Bouderdaben</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Page 8&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;FROM SHAMROCK TO SOMBRERO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;by Karen Lalley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;It was said that they were “nothing more than dogs,” a group forever subject to their innate natures. They would never rise above their base pursuits of “vicious excitement” and “animal pleasures.” They lied, cheated, and stole. They drank too much. Their children were “undisciplined, uninstructed, inheriting the stupidity of centuries of ignorant ancestors.” They were incapable of assimilation and foolishly clung to their native language. Worse, they came in the millions. Whole cities became virtually overrun with them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Still, they worked hard. They came to America to survive. They were given the dangerous, demeaning jobs that the native-born would not take. Eventually, employers came to depend on their labor. They could pay them less. And they were expendable. If they tried to organize or if they were hurt on the job, there was always hundreds and thousands of others the employers could exploit. As the lowest on the ladder they were both a boon and a bane to the country.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Sound familiar? As advocates to the immigrant community, we know well the stereotypes we fight against everyday.Except these are not contemporary images. This is how the Irish were viewed when they first arrived and the basis of a chapter in Ronald Takaki’s book, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;A Different Mirror&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;. Ironically, the US now celebrates is Irish ancestry. St. Partick’s Day has become virtually a national holiday. There are now millions upon millions of Americans who can trace their ancestry back to Ireland. So many, in fact, that there are now more Irish descendants in the US than there are Irish in Ireland.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The key to this remarkable success? They turned the stereotypes on their heads by becoming organized. The Irish took hold of positions of power in politics, unions, the police and fire stations. Takaki points out that, “As voters, they consciously cultivated and promoted ‘Green Power.’”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Today, legalization and naturalization are central to access to power. As it has done with asylum seekers in the past, PAPA has become an important factor in challenging the anti-immigrant tide that has swept the country. Beyond providing assistance to indigent immigrants seeking political asylum, PAPA also provides services for those who wish to petition their family members or who are applying to become Legal Permanent Residents. PAPA further helps Permanent Residents to naturalize. Earlier this spring, PAPA Board of Directors approved changing the financial guidelines to allow us to accept clients for these services who make up to 200% of the Federal Poverty Level. This has allowed us to direct our resources to a broader base of individuals; those who cannot afford a private attorney. By making these services available, PAPA continues its mission to “provide resources to the immigrant community so that they can become advocates for themselves.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Eventually, the “Irish question” became so much of a non-issue that most of us are unaware that it once existed. It is hoped that in the years to come, we will celebrate the traditions and cultures of our newly arrived neighbors, and we’ll forget, too, there ever were such misconceptions and fear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Karen Lalley began with PAPA as a part-time volunteer in 1996. In 1997, she became the agency’s full-time paralegal. In November, she will be returning to Omaha, Nebraska where her family currently resides.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Page 9&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;… continued from page 4&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;last visit, the police ransacked his home, physically assaulted his mother, and seized several personal items in an attempt to locate him. Jamir immediately fled to Russia and then the U.S. with his partner who had completed his work in Russia. Winning political asylum for Jamir is more than just obtaining an opportunity to start life anew in the United States. It also means that he can continue to maintain the close relationship with the family he has developed here. For the first time, he has received invaluable reassurance that what has occurred in the past was a horrible abuse of his human rights and that he will not be forced to face that persecution again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;With the help of PAPA, he was able tot ell his story and provide consistent and compelling testimony at the hearing before the asylum officer. Obtaining a grant of asylum at the interviewer level for a case based on sexual orientation is yet another wonderful accomplishment for PAPA in its efforts to provide legal representation for immigrants in Central Texas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li style="font-weight:400;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Chinwe Obianwu is a third-year law student at The University of Texas at Austin Law School. Ms. Obianwu was a summer intern at PAPA and continues to volunteer with us representing a battered immigrant woman under the VAWA Act of 1994.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;1998 PAPA Board of Directors&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Kelly Inselman, President&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Sara Hardner León, Treasurer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Saúl Murcia, Secretary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Thomas Esparza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Barbara Griffin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Toya Haley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Laurie Hines&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;D’Ann Johnson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Walter Long&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Caitriona Lyons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Laura Martínez&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Virginia Raymond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Luis Humberto Yax Patzan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Please join us for our 2nd Annual Benefit:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A World Music Celebration&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;And Salsa Dance Contest&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Featuring the Latin Jazz, Salsa and Traditional Music of…&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tamasha Africana&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Gypsies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ta Mére&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Thursday, October 29, 1998, 6:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Miguel’s La Bodega&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;415 Colorado St.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Admission-$10&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dance Contest-$5/couple&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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Texas</text>
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                <text>The first page contains an article within an issue of PAPA's newsletters calling for the organization of the Hispanic community in Austin in order to gain political power and rights to protect their members. The second page contains the end of an article detailing the personal account of Jamir, a refugee who fled to the United States because of the persecution he faced for his sexual orientation. The last section explains how PAPA helped Jamir's case. The second page also contains two images; one listing the 1998 PAPA Board of Directors and then another which is advertising a fundraising event. [Image Description: On Page 8 besides the article titled “From Shamrock to Sombrero,” there is a simple lineart image of a hand grasping a 3-leaf clover. It is faintly transposed on itself half an inch below it and to the right. On Page 9, there is two boxes to the right of the article on Jamir’s case. The first is titled “1998 PAPA Board of Directors” and it lists the following names and positions; Kelly Inselman, President. Sara Hardner León, Treasurer. Saúl Murcia, Secretary. Thomas Esparza. Barbara Griffin. Toya Haley. Laurie Hines. D’Ann Johnson. Walter Long. Caitriona Lyons. Laura Martínez. Virginia Raymond. Luis Humberto Yax Patzan. Below this box there is a bigger box with line art of square spirals on the border. The text is written in a thick, cursive font and is spaced within the box like a flyer. It states the following; “Please join us for our 2nd Annual Benefit: A World Music Celebration and Salsa Dance Contest. Featuring the Latin Jazz, Salsa and Traditional Music of… Tamasha Africana The Gypsies Ta Mére. Thursday, October 29, 1998, 6:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Miguel’s La Bodega. 415 Colorado St. Admission-$10. Dance Contest-$5/couple.”]</text>
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Hamza Bouderdaben</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Political Asylum Project of Austin Noticiero No. 9, January-March 1991&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Virginia Raymond, Editor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Nidia Salamanca, Contributing Editor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;James Head, Layout and Design&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Inside:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Editorial, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Mr. Smith Goes to El Salvador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Anti-Torture Campaign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Board News&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Outreach Strategies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New INS Rules Aid Refugees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;And&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;New Stuff&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Results In: PAPA Assists Salvadorans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;by Cyrus Reed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As of the second week in March, PAPA has &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;assisted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; sixty-six Salvadorans &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;with their applications for the new Temporary Protected Status program (TPS), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;including twenty-one in January, thirty-six in February, and nine in March. (An additional three clients have not completed their forms. Of these applicants, forty-four, or 66 percent, were men. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;We have also counseled a number of Salvadorans who did not qualify for TPS. We continue to take new asylum cases as well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The three tables here detail PAPA’s applicants by gender, age, place of birth, and last date of entry into the United States.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The tables show some interesting patterns. Over 60 percent of the applicants were from El Salvador’s Eastern Departments: La Unión, Uzulután, San Miguel, and Morozán. Not surprisingly, this is the region most plagued by battles between the government forces and the guerrillas, and therefore the most likely site of military repression. This also suggests that Austin might be home to a network of families from Eastern El Salvador. Birthplaces of the rest of the applicants were evenly distributed throughout the region, with the exception of the capital department of El Salvador, which accounts for ten of the applicants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Applicants’ ages ranged between seventeen and seventy; most were between twenty-two and twenty-five years of age when they contacted PAPA. One interesting note is the high number of young men (approx. 15 percent) being assisted by PAPA. This could illustrate that large numbers of young males have fled El Salvador due to the constant military and guerrilla forced recruiting. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Finally, most TPS applicants arrived in the U.S. their last time between 1988-1990 (Only those who arrived before September 19, 1990 were eligible for TPS). Maybe the fact that we tend to see newer arrivals also supports the theory that Austin is a “way station” for refugees. Because of our poor economy, and the fact that Texas leads the nation in job discrimination against Latinos, (according to a General Accounting Office study), our asylum clients tend to leave town after their merit hearings to find better opportunities. Another reasonable explanation is that Salvadorans are still gathering documents required to prove eligibility. For example, those who fled in the early 80s and who could not get documents to prove their Salvadoran citizenship might have to wait until receiving them. Fortunately, there are still three more months for Salvadorans to apply for TPS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>PAPA Noticiero No. 9</text>
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                <text>Refugees&#13;
Asylum Seekers&#13;
Immigrants&#13;
Texas&#13;
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                <text>The front page of PAPA Noticiero No. 9 which details the statistics of case coverage on applications for Temporary Protected Status on behalf of immigrants in the Austin community.&#13;
[Image Description: At the top of the page, the title of the newsletter displays the Political Asylum Project of Austin logo; four circles each containing the word that begins with the first letter of the organization’s name. The first and third circles are on an equal level higher than the second and fourth circles. The third circle places the “f” after it. In the left-hand column of the page, Table 1 and Table 2 are presented in the middle of the article. Table 3 is presented in the right-hand column. Table 1 presents a chart titled “Ages of TPS Applicants.” There are 5 columns; from left to right, they are titled “Age,” “Male,” “Female,” “Total,” and “%.” The first row is numbered 15-18. Of this group, 5 were male and 0 were female. The total was 5 and the percentage was 7.5. The second row is numbered 19-21. Of this group, 5 were male and 1 was female. The total was 6 and the percentage was 9. The third row is numbered 22-25. Of this group, 13 were male and 10 were female. The total was 23 and the percentage was 35. The fourth row is numbered 26-30. Of this group, 7 were male and 7 were female. The total was 14 and the percentage was 21. The fifth row is numbered 31-40. Of this group, 12 were male and 3 were female. The total was 15 and the percentage is 23. The sixth row is numbered 41-50. Of this group, 2 were male and 0 were female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3. The seventh row is numbered 51-60. Of this group, 0 were male and 0 were female. The total was 0 and the percentage was 0. The eighth row is numbered 60+. Of this group, 0 were male and 1 was female. The total was 1 and the percentage was 1.5.&#13;
Table 2 presents a chart titled “Date of last entry into U.S..” There are 5 columns; from left to right, they are titled “Date,” “Male,” “Female,” “Total,” and “%.” The first row is dated “1990.” Of this date, 17 were male and 3 were female. The total was 20 and the percentage was 30. The second row is dated July-Dec 89. Of this date, 5 were male and 1 was female. The total was 6 and the percentage was 9. The third row is dated “Jan-June 89.” Of this date, 2 were male and 1 was female. The total was 3 and the percentage was 4.5. The fourth row is dated “July-Dec 88.” Of this date, 7 were male and 5 were female. The total was 12 and the percentage was 18. The fifth row is dated “Jan-June 88.” Of this date, 2 were male and 4 were female. The total was 6 and the percentage was 9. The sixth row is dated “1987.” Of this date, 0 were male and 1 was female. The total was 1 and the percentage was 1.5. The seventh row is dated “1986.” Of this date, 2 were male and 3 were female. The total was 5 and the percentage was 7.5. The eighth row is dated “1985.” Of this date, 3 were male and 4 were female. The total was 7 and the percentage was 10.5. The ninth row is dated “1982-84.” Of this date, 3 were male and 1 was female. The total was 4 and the percentage was 6. The tenth row is dated “1979-1981.” Of this date, 2 were male and 0 were female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3.&#13;
Table 3 presents a chart titled “Applicants by birthplace.” There are 5 columns: from left to right, they are titled “Place,” “Male,” “Female,” “Total,” and “%.” The first four rows are placed under the subheading, “Eastern Departments.” The first row is titled “Morozán.” Of this group, 1 was male and 0 were female. The total is 1 and the percentage is 1.5. The second row is titled “San Miguel.” Of this group, 8 were male and 4 were female. The total is 12 and the percentage is 18. The third row is titled “Uzulután.” Of this group, 6 were male and 6 were female. The total is 12 and the percentage is 18. The fourth row is titled “La Unión.” Of this group, 11 were male and 6 were female. The total was 17 and the percentage was 26. Rows five through seven are placed under the subheading, “Western Departments.” The fifth row is titled “Ahuachapán.” Of this group, 0 were male and 2 were female. The total was 2 and the percentage is 3. The sixth row is titled “Sonsonate.” Of this group, 1 was male and 0 were female. The total was 1 and the percentage was 1.5. The seventh row is titled “Santa Ana.” Of this group, 2 were male and 2 were female. The total was 3 and the percentage was 3 [sic]. The remaining rows are placed under the subheading, “Central Departments.” The eighth row is titled “Chaletenango.” Of this group, 1 was male and 1 was female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3. The ninth row is titled “La Libertad.” Of this group, 1 was male and 1 was female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3. The tenth row is titled “San Salvador.” Of this group, 7 were male and 3 were female. The total was 10 and the percentage was 15. The eleventh row is titled “Cuscatlan.” OF this group, 2 were male and 0 were female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3. The twelfth row is titled “Cabanas.” Of this group, 0 were male and 0 were female. The total was 0 and the percentage was 0. The thirteenth row is titled “San Vicente.” Of this group, 0 were male and 1 was female. The total was 1 and the percentage was 1.5. The fourteenth row is titled “La Paz.” Of this group, 2 were male and 0 were female. The total was 2 and the percentage was 3.]</text>
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                <text>Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, University of Texas Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin</text>
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Nidia Salamanca, Contributing Editor&#13;
James Head, Layout and Design&#13;
Hamza Bouderdaben</text>
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