<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="60" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://hiddenhistoriesut.org/items/show/60?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-09-16T14:28:03+00:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="111">
      <src>https://hiddenhistoriesut.org/files/original/3a9198ea198edde70b8abc39c1b1048a.JPG</src>
      <authentication>37e707cc8843420a994d4f47b0c4027e</authentication>
    </file>
    <file fileId="112">
      <src>https://hiddenhistoriesut.org/files/original/fed26ef4a26e4e415fef3e37c17e1e72.JPG</src>
      <authentication>63749d65e86bef811f3635bdbca0c7a6</authentication>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="6">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="46">
                <text>John L. Spivak and the Role of Investigative Journalism in Exposing Mass Incarceration as New Slavery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47">
                <text>Spivak John L. (John Louis) 1897-1981, Georgia prison reform, chain gangs, new slavery, mistreatment of prisoners, workers rights, socialism, investigative journalism, 30’s, muckraking, deep south labor mvmt, racial slurs, Georgia, mass incarceration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="48">
                <text>This electronic resource is made available by the University of Texas Libraries solely for the purposes of research, teaching and private study.&#13;
&#13;
This material is made available for education and research purposes only. The creator of this exhibit does not own the rights for these items; it cannot grant or deny permission to use this material. Copyright law protects unpublished as well as published materials. It is your responsibility to determine the rights status and secure whatever permission may be needed for the use of any item. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information may be incomplete or out of date. We welcome updates or corrections. Upon request, we'll remove material from public view while we address a rights issue.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <itemType itemTypeId="6">
    <name>Still Image</name>
    <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
  </itemType>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1398">
              <text>Prisoner chained in iron collar in the Muscogee county, Georgia prison, 1931</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1399">
              <text>Chain gangs, Southern prisons, prison conditions, Prison torture methods, 1930s</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1400">
              <text>Photo of a black prisoner in Georgia wearing an iron collar and sitting in the wooden cage that functioned as housing. Notes by Spivak on the back read, "Chained by neck and feet to iron cage: Muscogee county, Ga. near Columbus, Ga. This convict had had the iron collar around his neck for 2 months, and was forced to be in his bunk all the time except during working hours, where he was chained doubly and 'kept under the gun'".</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1401">
              <text>Spivak John L. (John Louis) 1897-1981</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="48">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1402">
              <text>Harry Ransom Center, John L. (John Louis) Spivak Literary File, circa 1931, Container 1</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1403">
              <text>Harry Ransom Center</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1404">
              <text>1931</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="47">
          <name>Rights</name>
          <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1405">
              <text>This electronic resource is made available by the University of Texas Libraries solely for the purposes of research, teaching and private study.&#13;
&#13;
This material is made available for education and research purposes only. The creator of this exhibit does not own the rights for these items; it cannot grant or deny permission to use this material. Copyright law protects unpublished as well as published materials. It is your responsibility to determine the rights status and secure whatever permission may be needed for the use of any item. Due to the nature of archival collections, rights information may be incomplete or out of date. We welcome updates or corrections. Upon request, we'll remove material from public view while we address a rights issue.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="42">
          <name>Format</name>
          <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1406">
              <text>jpg</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="44">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description>A language of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1407">
              <text>en</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="51">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1408">
              <text>Still Image</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="38">
          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1409">
              <text>1930s, American South, Georgia</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
  <tagContainer>
    <tag tagId="7">
      <name>1930s</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="8">
      <name>Chain gangs</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="9">
      <name>Deep South</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="10">
      <name>Georgia</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="11">
      <name>Human rights</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="12">
      <name>Journalism</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="4">
      <name>Labor</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="13">
      <name>Mass incarceration</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="14">
      <name>Muckraking</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="15">
      <name>New Slavery</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="16">
      <name>Prison reform</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="17">
      <name>Racial slurs</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="18">
      <name>Socialism</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="19">
      <name>Spivak John L. (John Louis) 1897-1981</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="20">
      <name>Violation</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="21">
      <name>Workers' rights</name>
    </tag>
  </tagContainer>
</item>
